本文建立一個寡佔市場結構之下具產品差異化特徵的Stackelberg數量領導模型。其中兩家國內廠商承擔了質量開發的可變成本，他可以透過獨自開發、向外國廠商購買許可證或與外國廠商共同合作。另外，也考慮了技術外溢下的情況。探討消費者剩餘和社會福利。結果顯示，由於廠商一具有先行者優勢，所以會使廠商二的數量、價格和利潤受到擠壓。然而，隨著外溢效果越高，我們發現廠商二的技術提高，能夠瓜分掉部分廠商一的市場。最後，我們發現外溢效果越高，消費者剩餘和社會福利也會越大。

This paper establishes a Stackelberg quantitative leadership model with product differentiation characteristics under the oligopoly market structure. Two of the domestic firms incur the variable cost of quality development, which can be developed independently, purchased licenses from foreign firms, or jointly cooperated with foreign firms. In addition, the situation under technology spillover is also considered. Discuss consumer surplus and social welfare. The results show that Firm 1 has the first-mover advantage, the quantity, price and profit of Firm 2 will be squeezed. However, as the spillover effect gets higher, we find that the technology improvement of Firm 2 can carve up part of the market of Firm 1. Finally, we find that the higher the spillover effect, the greater the consumer surplus and social welfare.

論文審定書 i
摘要 ii
abstract iii
目錄 iv
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與背景 1
第二節 研究目的 1
第三節 研究方法 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
第三章 模型之比較分析 5
第一節 是否獲得外國廠商獨家許可 5
第二節 與外國廠商共同合作 10
第三節 技術外溢 13
第四節 例子 20
第四章 社會福利分析 22
第一節 消費者剩餘與社會福利 22
第二節 政府監管下的社會福利 25
第五章 結論與建議 28
參考資料 30

一、英文部分
1. Chuang, Y., C., Lin, C., M., (1999) : “Foreign Direct Investment , R&D and Spillover Efficiency : Evidence From Taiwan’s Manufacturing Firms”, The Journal of Development Studies , Vol. 35 , No. 4 , pp. 117-137.
2. Chen, Y., H., Nie, P., Y., Wang, X., (2015) : “Asymmetric duopoly competition with innovation spillover and input constraints”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 1124-1139.
3. Das, S.P., Donnenfeld, S., (1987) : “Trade policy and its impact on quality of imports: a welfare analysis”, The Journal of Immunology, Vol. 139, No. 1, pp.77-84.
4. Das, S.P., Donnenfeld, S., (1989) : “Oligopolistic competition and international trade: quantity and quality restrictions”, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 299–318.
5. Hackner, J., (2000) : “A note on price and quantity competition in differentiated oligopolies”, Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 93, No. 2, pp. 233–239.
6. Li, C., Song, J., (2009) : “Technology licensing in a vertically differentiated duopoly”, Japan and the World Economy, Vol.21, No. 2, pp. 183–190.
7. Li, C., Ji, X., (2010) : “Innovation Licensing, and Price vs. Quantity Competition”, Economic Modelling, Vol.27, No. 3, pp. 746-754.
8. Mussa, M., Rosen, S., (1978) : “Monopoly and product quality”, Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 301–317.
9. Motta, M., (1993) : “Endogenous quality choice: price vs. quantity competition”, The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 41,No. 2, pp. 113-131.
10. Nabin, M., Nguyen, X., Sgro, P., (2013) : “Technology transfer, quality standards and North–South trade”, Review of International Economics, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp.783–796.
11. Nguyen, X., Sgro, P., Nabin, M., (2014) : “Licensing Under Vertical Product Differentiation：Price vs. Quantity Competition”, Economic Modelling, Vol.36, pp.600-606.
12. Nguyen, X., (2015) : “On the Efficiency of Private and State-owned Enterprises in Mixed Markets”, Economic Modelling, Vol. 50, pp. 130-137.
13. Nie, P., Y., Wang, C., Wen, H., Z., (2022) : “Technology Spillover and Innovation”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management , Vol. 34 , No. 2 , pp. 210-222.
14. Peltzman, S., (1976) : “Toward a More General Theory of Regulation”, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 19 , No. 2, pp. 211-240.
15. Reisinger, M., Ressner, L., (2009) : “The choice of prices versus quantities under uncertainty”, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 1155-1177.
16. Ramani, S., V., (2000) : “Technology Cooperation Between Firms of Developed and Less-Developed Countries”, Economics Letters , Vol. 68 , No. 2, pp. 203-209.
17. Symeonidis, G., (2003) : “Comparing Cournot and Bertrand equilibria in a differentiated duopoly with product R&D”, International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 39–55.
18. Sen, N., Kaul, S., Biswas, R., (2021) : “Technology Licensing under Product Differentiation”, Journal of Economics, Vol. 134, pp.219-260.
19. Toshimitsu, T., (2005) : “Tariffs, quality choice, and cost functions: a foreign monopoly case”, Review of International Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 376-384.

20. Xianpei, H., Menghuan, Z., Yeming, G., (2021) : “Dilemma of Quality Information Disclosure in Technology Licensing”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 294, No. 2, pp. 543-557.
21. Zou, Y., Chen, T., L., (2020) : “Quality Differentiation and Product Innovation Licensing”, Economic Modelling, Vol. 87, pp. 372-382.
22. Zhang, H., Hong, X., Zhou, M., (2022) : “Optimal Technology Licensing Contract with Quality Improvement Innovation under Cournot Competition”, Journal of Management Analytics, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 496-513.

二、 中文部分
1.劉淑琪（2014），『以賽局理論探討已開發國與低度開發國的公司間技術合作之最適策略』，國立中山大學經濟學研究所碩士班碩士論文。