燧鯛科隸屬於燧鯛目，為一群全球廣泛分布的深海魚類，棲息深度可達1500公尺。全球共計有八屬51種，部分物種為商業捕撈漁業的目標。該科之共同特徵為：具有單一背鰭及上上頷骨、前鰓蓋骨具有一發達的棘、顎骨有齒，以及腹部中線具有大型稜鱗。在台灣過往的文獻中，共紀錄有四屬八種，然而其物種間形態的相似性，造成許多鑑定錯誤或混淆的情形。因此本研究利用形態以及 分子條碼的方式重新檢視台灣燧鯛科物種的分類。結果確認台灣的燧鯛科魚類共有三屬12種，分別為管燧鯛屬兩種、橋燧鯛屬兩種及胸燧鯛屬八種，其中有四個為新種，分別為管燧鯛屬一種、橋燧鯛屬一種及胸燧鯛屬兩種。胸燧鯛屬的玫瑰胸燧鯛為本研究所發表之新種，且格蘭氏胸燧鯛以及粗棘胸燧鯛為本研究發現之台灣新紀錄種，也重新確認重胸燧鯛存在於台灣的標本紀錄中。此外，經過文獻比對以及重新檢視標本館典藏標本，本研究確認過往所紀錄之南方管燧鯛、達氏橋燧鯛和地中海胸燧鯛皆為他種之誤鑑。總結以上，本研究提供台灣海域燧鯛科各物種的描述與具可信度的分子序列、 其模式標本資料之比較及物種的檢索表。

The fish family Trachichthyidae, which belongs to the order Trachichthyiformes, is a group of deep-sea fishes distributing circumglobally that inhabit depths down to 1500 meters. There are eight genera and 51 species globally and some species are commercially fishing targets. They are characterized by having enlarged mucus chambers on the head, single dorsal fin and presence of single supramaxilla, preopercle bearing a well-developed spine, palatine with teeth, and scales on the belly enlarged and forming scutes. Historically, eight species in four genera have been documented in the ichthyofauna of Taiwan. However, due to their morphological similarity, species in Taiwan have some issues of misidentification and confusion in literatures. Therefore, we aimed to revise all species that occur in Taiwan by using both morphology and DNA barcoding. The result confirmed a total of twelve species from three genera, including two in Aulotrachichthys, two in Gephyroberyx, and eight in Hoplostethus. Among the twelve species, four species are undescribed species, including one in Aulotrachichthys, one in Gephyroberyx, and two in Hoplostethus. Moreover, a new species, H. roseus Su, Lin & Ho, 2022, was described; two species, H. grandperrini Roberts & Gomon, 2012 and H. robustispinus Moore & Dodd, 2010, were first recorded based on a single specimen each; and the presence of H. crassispinus Kotlyar, 1980 in Taiwan was confirmed. After a thorough study in literature records and fish collections in Taiwan, several names: G. darwinii (Johnson, 1866), H. mediterraneus Cuvier, 1829, and Paratrachichthys sajademalensis Kotlyar, 1979, were confirmed to be misidentifications of other species thus should be excluded from the ichthyofauna of Taiwan. In conclusion, we provided diagnosis and descriptions of Taiwanese Trachichthyidae species with reliable COI sequences, comparison with available type specimens, and a dichotomous key to all genera and species occurring in Taiwan.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures viii
List of Tables x
1. Introduction 1
1.1 General introduction of Trachichthyidae 1
1.2 Taxonomic study and timeline of Trachichthyidae 1
1.3 Taxonomic study and timeline of Trachichthyidae in Taiwan 4
1.4 The utilization of DNA barcoding on fish 5
1.5 Taxonomic problems 5
1.6 Aim of this study 6
2. Materials & Methods 7
2.1 Sample collection and preparation 7
2.2 Morphological analyses 8
2.2.1 Meristic characters 8
2.2.2 Morphometric characters 9
2.3 Genetic analyses 11
2.3.1 DNA sequencing 11
2.3.2 Sequence analyses 11
3. Results 12
3.1 Family Trachichthyidae Bleeker, 1856 燧鯛科 12
3.1.1 Genus Aulotrachichthys Fowler, 1938管燧鯛屬 13
3.1.2 Genus Gephyroberyx Boulenger, 1902 橋燧鯛屬 20
3.1.3 Genus Hoplostethus Cuvier, 1829 胸燧鯛屬 28
3.1.4 Comparative materials 55
3.2 Key to genera and species of Trachichthyidae from Taiwan 56
4. Discussion 57
4.1 The record of Aulotrachichthys sajademalensis (Kotlyar, 1979) from Taiwan 57
4.2 The record of Gephyroberyx darwinii (Johnson, 1866) from Taiwan 58
4.3 The record of Hoplostethus mediterraneus (Cuvier, 1829) from Taiwan 59
4.4 Comments on Gephyroberyx spp. 60
4.5 Comments on morphological characters 60
4.6 Implications on fishery management 62
4.7 Future works 63
5. Conclusion 64
References 65
Figures 75
Tables 114
Appendices 145
Appendix I Detailed information of specimens examined in this study.
Appendix II Yo Su, Hsiu-Chin Lin & Hsuan-Ching Ho (2022). Hoplostethus roseus, a new roughy fish from the western Pacific based on morphology and DNA barcoding (family Trachichthyidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 101(3): 441–452.
Appendix III Yo Su, Hsiu-Chin Lin & Hsuan-Ching Ho (2023). New records of two roughy fish species of Hoplostethus and a confirmed record of H. crassispinus Kotlyar, 1980 (Trachichthyiformes, Trachichthyidae) from Taiwan. ZooKeys, 1149 (2023): 85–101.

Abe, T. (1989). Keys to the Japanese Fishes Fully Illustrated in Colors. Vol.1. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 358.
Adam, M. S., Merrett, N. R. & Anderson, R. C. (1998). Additions to the fish fauna of the Maldive Islands. Part 1: An annotated checklist of the deep demersal fishes of the Maldive Islands. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 67: 1‒19.
Anderson, M. E. (2022). Family Trachichthyidae, Slimeheads and roughies. In: Heemstra, P. C., Heemstra, E., Ebert, D. A., Holleman, W. & Randall, J. E. (Eds.) (2022). Coastal fishes of the western Indian Ocean. Volume 2. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa, pp. 388‒389, Pl. 66.
Andrews, A. H., Tracey, D. M. & Dunn, M. R. (2009). Lead-radium dating of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus): validation of a centenarian lifespan. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 66: 1130–1140.
Betancur-Rodriguez, R., Wiley, E. O., Arratia, Gloria, Acero, A., Bailly, N., Miya, M., Lecointre, G. & Ortí, G. (2017). Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC evolutionary biology, 17(1): 1–40.
Benson, D. A., Cavanaugh, M., Clark, K., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D. J., Ostell, J. & Sayers, E.W. (2012). GenBank. Nucleic acids research, 41(D1): D36‒D42.
Bertoncini, Á. A., Souza Soares, G. S., Barreiros, J. P., Gasparini, J. L. & Hostim-Silva, M. (2004). First record of Darwin’s slimehead, Gephyroberyx darwinii (Johnson, 1866) (Beryciformes: Trachichthyidae), in association with Brazilian deep reefs. aqua–Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 9(2): 65–68.
Bleeker, P. (1856). Beschrijvingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Manado en Makassar, grootendeels verzameld op eene reis naar den Molukschen Archipel in het gevolg van den Gouverneur Generaal Duymaer van Twist. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae, 1(6): 1–80.
Boulenger, G. A. (1902). Notes on the classification of teleostean fishes. II. On the Berycidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7), 9(51): 197–204.
Chave, E. H. & Mundy, B. C. (1994). Deep-sea benthic fish of the Hawaiian archipelago, Cross Seamount, and Johnson Atoll. Pacific Science, 48(4): 367–409.
Chen, C.-H. (2004). Checklist of the Fishes of Penghu. Fishery Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 175. [in Chinese]
Chen, J. T. F. (1969). A synopsis of the vertebrates of Taiwan. Vol. 1. Revised edition. Commercial Books Co., Taipei, pp. 548. [in Chinese]
Chen, J. T. F. & Yu, M.-J. (1986). A synopsis of the vertebrates of Taiwan. Vol. 1. Taiwan Commercial Press, Taipei, pp. 442. [in Chinese]
Chiang, W.-C., Lin, P.-L., Chen, W.-Y. & Liu, D.-C. (2014). Marine fishes in Eastern Taiwan. Fisheries Research Institute Special Publication. Vol. 18. Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung, pp. 337. [in Chinese]
Chu, Y.-C. (2009). Studies on species composition of Trachichthyidae and age, growth and reproduction of Hoplostethus crassispinus in Taiwan. Master thesis. National Dong Hwa University, Hualian. Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/11296/9n523u [in Chinese]
Collett, R. (1889). Diagnoses de poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes de "L'Hirondelle." III.-- Description d'une espèce nouvelle du genre Hoplostethus. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 14: 306.
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1829). Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quatrième. Livre quatrième. Des acanthoptérygiens à joue cuirassée. F. G. Levrault, Paris. v. 4: i–xxvi + 2 pp. + 1–518, Pls. 72–99, 97 bis. [in French]
Dunn, M. R. (2005). CPUE analysis and assessment of the Mid-East Coast orange roughy stock (ORH 2A South, 2B, 3A) to the end of the 2002-03 fishing year. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report, 2005/18, pp. 36.
Dunn, M. R. & Forman, J. S. (2011). Hypotheses of spatial stock structure in orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus inferred from diet, feeding, condition, and reproductive activity. PLoS ONE, 6(11): e26704.
Endo, H. (2013). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Kim, B.-J. & Nakaya, K. (Eds.) (2013). Fishes of Jeju Island, Korea. National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea, pp. 69. [in Korean and English]
Fowler, H. W. (1938). Descriptions of new fishes obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross", chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 85(3032): 31–135.
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. & van der Laan, R. (2022). Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp.
Fricke, R., Teitelbaum, A. & Wantiez, L. (2015). Twenty-one new records of fish species (Teleostei) from the new Caledonian EEZ (South-Western Pacific Ocean). Marine Biodiversity Records, 8, 1–12.
Ghedotti, M. J., DeKay, H. M., Maile, A. J., Smith, W. L. & Davis, M. P. (2021). Anatomy and evolution of bioluminescent organs in the slimeheads (Teleostei: Trachichthyidae). Journal of Morphology, 282(6): 820‒832.
Gomon, M. F. (2020). Trachichthyidae. In: Psomadakis, P., Thein, H., Russell, B. C. & Tun, M. T. (2020). Field identification guide to the living marine resources of Myanmar. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Rome, pp. 347‒348, pl. XXII.
Gomon, M. F. (1994). Trachichthyidae. In: Gomon, M. F., Glover, C. J. M. & Kuiter, R. H. (Eds.) (1994). Fishes of Australia’s South Coast. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. South Australia: State Print, pp. 399‒410.
Gomon, M. F. (2004). Two new species of roughy (Trachichthyidae: Optivus) from coastal waters of Southern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 56(2): 173‒178.
Gomon, M. F. (2008). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Gomon, M. F., Bray, D. J. & Kuiter, R. H. (Eds.) (2008). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. New Holland Publishers, Sydney, Australia, pp. 420‒430.
Gomon, M. F. & Kuiter, R. H. (1987). New Australian fishes. Part 8. A new species of Aulotrachichthys (Trachichthyidae). Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 48(1): 27‒29.
Gon, O. (1984). Paratrachichthys heptalepis, a new roughie (Pisces, Trachichthyidae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science, 37(3): 293‒299.
Gon, O. (1987). New records of three fish species from Hawaii. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 34(1): 100‒104.
Grandperrin, R. & Lehodey, P. (1992). Campage BERYX 2 de pêche au chalut de fond sur trios monts sous-marins du Sud-Est de la Zone Economique de Nouvelle Calédonie (N.O. “Alis”, 22–31 octobre 1991). ORSTOM Rapports de Missions Sciences de la Mer, Biologie Marine 11: 1–40.
Günther, A. (1859). Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae, 1: i‒xxxi + 1‒524.
Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H. & Yano, T. A. (1985). Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of molecular evolution, 22(2): 160‒174.
Hayashi, M. (2002). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.) (2002). Fishes of Japan: with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 500‒501.
Hayashi, M. (2013). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.) (2013). Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, third edition. Tokai Univ. Press, Hadano, pp. 592‒593. [In Japanese]
Heemstra, P. C. (1986). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Smith, M. M. & P. C. Heemstra (Eds.) (1986). Smiths' Sea Fishes. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, pp. 410‒413, Pls. 127.4‒127.5.
Hilgendorf, F. M. (1879). Einige Beiträge zur Ichthyologie Japan's. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1879: 78‒81.
Ho, H.-C., Oktaviyani, S., Peristiwady, T., Lee, M.-Y., Jaafar, Z., Lim, K. & Tan, H.-H. (2021). Preliminary checklist of fishes obtained from south Java deep-sea (SJADES) biodiversity expedition 2018. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 36, 496‒526.
Hubert, N., Hanner, R., Holm, E., Mandrak, N. E., Taylor, E., Burridge, M., Watkinson, D., Dumont, P., Curry, A., Bentzen, P., Zhang, J., April, J. & Bernatchez, L. (2008). Identifying Canadian freshwater fishes through DNA barcodes. PLoS ONE, 3(6): e2490.
Hutton, F. W. (1875). Descriptions of new species of New-Zealand fish. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4), 16(95): 313‒317.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999). International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th edn. Adopted by the General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London.
Iwatsubo, H. & Motomura, H. (Eds.) (2017). Field guide to fishes of Kagoshima Bay in southern Kyushu, Japan. Kagoshima Museum of Aquatic Biodiversity, Kagoshima and the Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima. pp. 302, Figs. 618.
Johnson, J. Y. (1866). Description of Trachichthys darwinii, a new species of berycoid fish from Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (pt 2): 311‒315, Pl. 32.
Jordan, D. S. & Fowler, H. W. (1902). A review of the berycoid fishes of Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 26(1306): 1‒21.
Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S. & Duran, C. (2012). Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics, 28(12): 1647‒1649.
Kim, B.-J., Go, Y.-B. & Imamura, H. (2004). First record of the trachichthyid fish, Gephyroberyx darwinii (Teleostei: Beryciformes) from Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 16(1): 9‒12.
Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of molecular evolution, 16(2): 111‒120.
Kimura, K., Kawai, T., Tashiro, F., Nakayama, N., Aungtonya, C. & Banchongmanee, S. (2019). Deep-sea fishes from the Andaman Sea by R/V Chakratong Tongyai during 1996-2000. Part 2: orders Beryciformes and Stephanoberyciformes. Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin, 76: 1‒8.
Kitagawa, D., Imamura, H., Goto, T., Ishito, Y., Fujiwara, K. & Ueda, Y. (2008). Field Guide of the Fishes from the Tohoku District, north-eastern Waters of Japan. Tokai University Press, Hadano, pp. xvii + 141. [In Japanese]
Koeda, K., Hata, H., Yamada, M. & Motomura, H. (Eds.) (2018). Field guide to fishes landed at Uchinoura Fishing Port, Kagoshima, Japan. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima. pp. 520, Figs. 1059
Koeda, K. (2019). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Koeda, K. & Ho, H.-C. (Eds.) (2019). Fishes of southern Taiwan. National Marine Museum of Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Taiwan, pp. 443‒447. [in Chinese and English]
Koeda, K., Takashima, S., Yamakita, T., Tsuchida, S. & Fujiwara, Y. (2021). Deep-sea fish fauna on the seamounts of southern Japan with taxonomic notes on the observed species. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(11): 1294.
Konishi, Y. (1999). Developmental and comparative morphology of beryciform larvae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha), with comments on trachichthyoid relationships. Bulletin of Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute (Japan), 77: 23‒92.
Konishi, Y. & Okiyama, M. (1997). Morphological development of four trachichthyoid larvae (Pisces: Beryciformes), with comments on trachichthyoid relationships. Bulletin of Marine Science, 60(1): 66‒88.
Kotlyar, A. N. (1978). Hoplostethus (Hoplostethus) natalensis sp. n., a new species of the family Trachichthyidae (Berycoidei, Beryciformes) from the south-western part of the Indian Ocean. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 57(11): 1681‒1685. [In Russian]
Kotlyar, A. N. (1979). Paratrachichthys (Aulotrachichthys) sajademalensis sp. n., a new fish of the family Trachichthyidae (Beryciformes) from the Indian Ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 19(4):137‒140.
Kotlyar, A. N. (1980a). A new species of the genus Hoplostethus (Trachichthyidae, Beryciformes) from the north-west Pacific. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 59(7): 1054‒1059. [In Russian]
Kotlyar, A. N. (1980b). Paratrachichthys (Aulotrachichthys) novaezelandicus sp. n. (Pisces, Beryciformes, Trachichthyidae) from the New Zealand waters. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 59(2): 309‒312. [In Russian]
Kotlyar, A. N. (1980c). Systematics and distribution of trachichthyid fishes (Trachichthyidae, Beryciformes) of the Indian Ocean. In: Deep sea fishes of the Indian Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova, 110: 177‒224. [In Russian]
Kotlyar, A. N. (1984). A new genus and species of fishes (Beryciformes, Trachichthyidae) from the Pacific. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 63(10): 1591‒1594. [In Russian]
Kotlyar A. N. (1986). Systematics and distribution of species of the genus Hoplostethus Cuvier (Beryciformes, Trachichthyidae). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova, 121: 97‒140. [In Russian]
Kotlyar, A. N. (1992). Osteology of Sorosichthys ananassa and its position in the systematics of beryciform fishes (Beryciformes). Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 32(1): 29–40. [In Russian]
Kotlyar, A. N. (1993). Beryciform fishes from the western Indian Ocean collected in cruise of R/V "Vityaz". Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova = Transactions of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 128: 179–198.
Kotlyar, A. N. (1995). Hoplostethus vniro, a new species of Trachichthyidae from the east Atlantic. Journal of Ichthyology, 35(9): 333–337.
Kotlyar, A. N. (1996). Beryciform fishes of the world ocean. VNIRO publishing, Moscow, pp. 368. [In Russian]
Kotlyar, A. N. (2002). New data on beryciform fishes (Beryciformes) from the South China Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(6):434–439.
Kotlyar, A. N. (2011). Hoplostethus robustispinus (Trachichthyidae) from the South China Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 51(6): 484–486.
Krefft, G. (1976). Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen des FFS “Walther Herwig” nach Sudamerika. XLI. Fische der Ordnung Beryciformes aus dem Sudwestatlantik. Arch. Fischereiwiss, 26 (2/3): 65–86.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular biology and evolution, 35(6): 1547.
Masuda, H., Araga, C. & Yoshino T. (1975). Coastal Fishes of Southern Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 379.
Masuda, H. & Allen, G. R. (1987). Sea Fishes of the World (Indo-Pacific region). Yama-kei Publisher, Tokyo, pp. 527.
Masuda, H. & Kobayashi, Y. (1994). Grand Atlas of Fish Life Modes. Tokai University Press, pp. 468.
Matsunuma, M., Ujihara, A., Endo, H. (2023) Two new species of Aulotrachichthys (Beryciformes: Trachichthyidae) from the northwestern Pacific. Ichthyological research: 1–27.
McCulloch, A. R. (1914). Report on some fishes obtained by the F. I. S. "Endeavour" on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South and South-western Australia. Part II. Biological Results Endeavour, 2(3): 77–165, Pls. 13–34.
McEachran, J. D. & Fechhelm, J. D. (1998). Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Volume 1: Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes. Univ. of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 1–1112.
Miyazaki, Y., Teramura, A. & Senou, H. (2019). Preliminary report on bycatch fish species collected from the Tokyo Submarine Canyon, Japan. ZooKeys, 843: 117–128.
Mok, H.-K. (1993). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Shen, S.-C. (Ed.), Chen, C.-H., Lee, S.-C., Shao, K.-T., Mok, H.-K. & Tseng, C.-S. (1993). Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 210‒211, Pls. 47-6‒47-8. [in Chinese]
Moore, J. A. (1993). Phylogeny of the Trachichthyiformes (Teleostei: Percomorpha). Bulletin of Marine Science, 52(1), 114–136.
Moore, J. A. & Paxton, J. R. (1999). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome, pp. 2215‒2217.
Moore, J. A. & Dodd, K. A. (2010). A new species of the roughy genus Hoplostethus (Teleostei: Trachichthyidae) from the Philippines. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 51(1): 137–144.
Moore, J. A. (2016). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.) (2016). The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Volume 3. Bony fishes part 1 (Elopiformes to Scorpaeniformes). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome, FAO, pp. 2186–2191.
Motomura, H., Habano, A., Arita, Y., Matsuoka, M., Furuta, K., Koeda, K., Yoshida, T., Hibino, Y., Jeong, B., Tashiro, S., Hata, H., Fukui, Y., Eguchi, K., Inaba, T., Uejo, T., Yoshiura, A., Ando, Y., Haraguchi, Y., Senou, H. & Kuriiwa, K. (2015). The ichthyofauna of the Uji Islands, East China Sea: 148 new records of fishes with notes on biogeographical implications. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University 64: 10–34.
Okamura, O. & Amaoka, K. (1997). Sea fishes of Japan. Yama-Kei Publishers Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 784.
Ou, W.-H. (2004). Taxonomy of Trachichthyidae Slimehead and Reproductive Biology of the Hoplostethus crassispinus in the northeast water off Taiwan. Master thesis. National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung. Retrieved from: https://hdl.handle.net/11296/34p345. [in Chinese]
Paxton, J. R., Hoese, D. F., Allen, G. R. & Hanley, J. E. (1989). Zoological catalogue of Australia. Volume 7. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. v. 7: i‒xii + 1‒665
Paxton, J. & Moore, J. A. (2000). Family Trachichthyidae, In: Randall, J. E. & Lim, K. K. P. (2000). A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl, 8: 569‒667.
Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P. D. (2007). BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (http://www.barcodinglife.org). Molecular ecology notes, 7(3): 355‒364.
Roberts, C. D. & Gomon, M. F. (2012). A review of giant roughies of the genus Hoplostethus (Beryciformes, Trachichthyidae), with descriptions of two new Australasian species. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 69: 341–354.
Roberts, C. D. & Gomon, M. F. (2015). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Roberts, C. D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. (Eds.) (2015). The Fishes of New Zealand, Volume Three. Te Papa Press, Wellington, pp. 1009‒1017.
Shao, K.-T. (2022). Taiwan Fish Database. WWW publication.
http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw (accessed 2022-9-08).
Shaw, G. & Nodder, F. P. (1789–1813). The Naturalist's Miscellany, or coloured figures of natural objects; drawn and described from nature. J. Cooper, London. 24 vols. unnumbered pages.
Shen, S.-C. (1984a). Coastal Fishes of Taiwan. National Taiwan Museum, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 380. [in Chinese and English]
Shen, S.-C. (1984b). Synopsis of Fishes of Taiwan. Southern Material Centre, INC, Taipei, pp. 533. [in Chinese]
Shen, S.-C. & Wu, K.-Y. (2011). Fishes of Taiwan. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan, pp. 896. [in Chinese]
Shinohara, G., Endo, H., Matsuura, K., Machida Y. & Honda, H. (2001). Annotated checklist of the deepwater fishes from Tosa Bay, Japan. In: Fujita, T., H. Saito & M. Takeda (Eds.): Deep-sea fauna and pollutants in Tosa Bay. Monographs of the National Science Museum Tokyo, 20: 283‒343.
Shinohara, G., Narimatsu, Y., Hattori, T., Ito, M., Takata, Y. & Matsuura, K. (2009). Annotated checklist of deep-sea fishes from the Pacific coast off Tohoku District, Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs, 39: 683‒735.
Shinohara, G., Sato, T., Aonuma, Y., Horikawa, H., Matsuura, K., Nakabo, T. & Sato, K. (2005). Annotated checklist of deep-sea fishes from the waters around the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Deep-sea fauna and pollutants in the Nansei Islands. Monographs of the National Science Museum Tokyo, 29: 385‒452.
Smith, J. L. B. (1947). New species and new records of fishes from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11), 13(108): 793‒821.
Sonoyama, T., Ogimoto, K., Hori, S., Uchida, Y. & Kawano, M. (2020). An annotated checklist of marine fishes of the Sea of Japan off Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, with 74 new records. Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Museum, 11: 1‒152. [In Japanese]
Steindachner, F. & Döderlein, L. (1883). Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Fische Japans (I.). Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 20(7): 49‒50.
Su, Y., Lin, H.-C. & Ho, H.-C. (2022). Hoplostethus roseus, a new roughy fish from the western Pacific based on morphology and DNA barcoding (family Trachichthyidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 101(3): 441–452.
Su, Y., Lin, H.-C. & Ho, H.-C. (2023). New records of two roughy fish species of Hoplostethus and a confirmed record of H. crassispinus Kotlyar, 1980 (Trachichthyiformes, Trachichthyidae) from Taiwan. ZooKeys, 1149(2023): 85–101.
Takahashi, M., Imamura, H. & Nakaya, K. (2003). Records of three fish species from the western Pacific of northern Japan (Pisces: Teleostei). Hokkaido Daigaku Suisan Kagaku Kengaku iho = Bulletin of fisheries sciences, Hokkaido University, 54(1/2): 17‒20.
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic acids research, 22(22): 4673‒4680.
Tingley, G. & Dunn, M. (2019). Global review of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), their fisheries, biology and management. FAO, Rome, Italy, pp. 130.
Thu, P. T., Huang, W.-C., Chou, T.-K., Van Quan, N., Van Chien, P., Li, F., Shao, K.-T. & Liao, T.-Y. (2019). DNA barcoding of coastal ray-finned fishes in Vietnam. PLoS ONE, 14(9): e0222631.
Waite, E. R. (1899). Scientific results of the trawling expedition of H. M. C. S. "Thetis," off the coast of New South Wales, in February and March, 1898. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, Sydney, 4(1): 2–132, Pls. 1–31.
Ward, R. D., Zemlak, T. S., Innes, B. H., Last, P. R. & Hebert, P. D. (2005). DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360(1462): 1847–1857.
Weber, M. (1913). Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. i–xii + 1–710, Pls. 1–12.
White, W. T., Last, P. R., Dharmadi, Faiza, R., Chodrijah, U., Prisantoso, B. I., Pogonoski, J. J., Puckridge, M. & Blaber, S. J. M. (2013). Market Fishes of Indonesia (=Jenis-jenis ikan di Indonesia). ACIAR Monograph No. 155, Australia Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, pp. 438.
Whitley, G. P. (1945). New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 2. Australian Zoologist, 11(1): 1–42, Pl. 1.
Whitley, G. P. (1947). New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 3. Australian Zoologist, 11(2): 129–150, Pl. 11.
Woods, L. P. & Sonoda, P. M. (1973). Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Order Berycomorphi (Beryciformes). Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem, 1(6): 263–396.
Yamada, U., Tokimura, M., Horikawa, H. & Nakabo, T. (2007). Fishes and Fisheries of the East China and Yellow Seas. Tokai University: Hadano, Japan, pp. 1262.
Yamakawa, T. (1982). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Okamura, O., Amaoka, K., Mitani, F. (Eds.) (1982). Fishes of the Kyshu-Palau Ridge and Tosa Bay. The intensive research of unexploited fishery resources on continental slopes. Japan fisheries resource conservation association, Tokyo, pp. 202‒206.
Yamakawa, T. (1984). Family Trachichthyidae. In: Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. (Eds.) (1984). The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. Text: pp. 107, Atlas: pls 94-D‒H.