氫氣是一種無碳清潔能源，也是減少煉鐵高爐（BFs）二氧化碳排放的潛在可利用燃料，其中焦爐氣(COG)富氫氣體與粉煤共同注入至高爐下部是目前被認為最可行的技術之一 。本研究採用三維穩態模型模擬高爐底部鼓風嘴(tuyere)、風徑區(raceway)與燃料雙鎗注入粉煤(PC)與焦爐氣(COG)的燃燒情形。研究結果顯示，焦爐氣注入火焰的點燃位置相較於雙鎗粉煤噴吹，會大幅提前至鎗口尖端附近，造成鼓風管內壓力變大，增加鼓風管的熱負荷，並影響粉煤的點火位置及風徑區的燃燒特性。透過增加焦爐氣噴鎗保護氣體流量可使鼓風區火焰溫度降低，但會使風徑區溫度下降，造成粉煤燃燒效率不佳。在富氧鼓風環境下，粉煤的平均燃燼率有所提升，可改善噴吹焦爐氣造成風徑區溫度降低的問題。本研究以數值方式探討不同型態焦爐氣共吹之燃燒情形，焦爐氣共吹會使火焰往前延伸至鎗口尖端，亦會導致燃盡率下降及風徑區氣體溫度過高，使用熱風富氧可提升平均燃盡率，透過增加焦爐氣噴鎗保護氣體流量，可使風徑區溫度有所降低。另外，焦爐氣噴鎗管徑擴大可使鎗口流速降低，鼓風區平均溫度有所降低，以及風徑區高溫提升；使用天然氣(NG)噴吹會導致風徑區溫度下降，燃盡率降低。

Hydrogen is a carbon-free clean energy and a potential fuel to reduce CO2 emissions in ironmaking blast furnaces (BFs), among which the co-injection of hydrogen/coal is one of the most promising and feasible technologies. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) steady-state CFD model is used for describing duel-lances fuel injection via tuyere into the raceway of Blast Furnace. The simulation results indicate that the ignition position of the COG hydrogen-rich gas flame will be greatly advanced to near the tip of lance, resulting in an increase in the pressure in the blast tube, increasing the heat load of the blast tube, and affecting the ignition position of the pulverized coal and the raceway. Increasing the cooling gas flow rate of the COG lance can lower temperature on the tip of lances to raceway , but the temperature in the raceway will drop, resulting in lower burnout rate efficiency of pulverized coal. In the oxygen-enriched blast environment, the average burnout rate of pulverized coal is improved, which can improve the problem of the temperature drop in the raceway caused by COG injection. This research numerically analyzes the combustion situation of different types of COG co-injection. COG co-injection will make the flame extend forward to the tip of lance, which will also lead to a decrease in the burnout rate and an excessively high gas temperature in the tuyere. Hot air enriched with oxygen is used. The average burnout rate can be improved, and the temperature in the tuyere can be reduced by increasing cooling gas flow rate of the COG lance. Furthermore, expanding the diameter of COG lance can reduce the velocity of lance tip, reduce the average temperature in the tuyere and increase the high temperature in the raceway; the result of NG injection will reduce the temperature in the raceway and reduce the burnout .

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
符號說明 xi
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 風徑區與噴槍 3
1.2.2 注入PCI燃料 5
1.2.3 替代燃料和氣體燃料噴吹 8
1.3 研究目的 11
第2章 研究方法與數學模型 12
2.1 三維模型 13
2.2 氣相方程式(Gas Phase) 15
2.2.1 氣相質量方程式 15
2.2.2 氣相動量方程式 15
2.2.3 氣相能量方程式 15
2.3 單一粒子離散相方程式(Discrete Phase Model， DPM) 16
2.3.1 離散相質量方程式 16
2.3.2 離散相動量方程式 16
2.3.3 離散相能量方程式 16
2.4 紊流模型 17
2.5 粉煤燃燒反應模型方程式 18
2.5.1 粉煤熱裂解揮發反應 18
2.5.2 粉煤固定碳Char燃燒 19
2.6 非預混、Composition PDF、Finite-rate/Eddy-dissipation及Eddy-dissipation concept模型 20
2.6.1 非預混模型 20
2.6.2 Composition PDF transport 21
2.6.3 Finite-rate/Eddy-dissipation 21
2.6.4 Eddy-dissipation concept 22
2.7 P-1輻射模型 23
2.8 粉煤燃盡率 24
第3章 模擬結果與討論 25
3.1 單鎗共吹模擬比較 26
3.2 使用GRI-Mech 3.0多步驟反應與簡化燃燒模型比較 31
3.3 雙鎗粉煤及焦爐氣共吹 33
3.3.1 雙鎗粉煤噴吹參考案例比對 33
3.3.2 雙鎗粉煤及焦爐氣共吹 36
3.3.3 焦爐氣流量 41
3.3.4 焦爐氣保護氣體(N2)流速 47
3.4 富氧燃燒 52
3.4.1 熱風富氧 52
3.4.2 氧煤鎗富氧 54
3.5 管徑擴大及NG噴吹 58
3.5.1 焦爐氣管徑擴大 58
3.5.2 NG噴吹 61
第4章 結論及未來展望 63
參考文獻 65

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