臺灣是一個海島國家，海洋支撐著沿海地區的社區發展、文化和經濟。然而，人類世(Anthropocene)為海洋帶來了負面的影響。為保育及永續利用海洋資源，全臺各地設立了海洋保護區，小琉球也包含在內。當地有不同程度的管理措施去限制人類活動。我們在小琉球三個熱門潛點，禁漁區的美人洞、多功能使用區的大福和山豬溝，使用潛水員操作的立體攝影機系統進行水下調查，評估不同程度的管理措施如何改變魚類行為。透過測量食用魚種：雙斑櫛齒刺尾鯛(Ctenochaetus binotatus) 和福氏鸚哥魚(Scarus forsteni)，及非食用魚種：雙斑光鰓雀鯛(Chromis margaritifer) 和福氏刺尻魚(Centropyge vrolikii) 的體長和最小接近距離，測試以下假設：（1）多功能使用區的食用魚種，體型比禁漁區的同種小及擁有更強警戒心；（2）隨著體長增加，食用魚種表現出更高的警戒心；（3）非食用魚種在禁漁區和多功能使用區的體型和警戒心沒有顯著差異。本研究共錄得294尾食用魚種，772尾非食用魚種。所有研究魚種的警戒心均在美人洞與山豬溝之間表現出顯著差異，但體型在不同潛點之間找不到代表性差異。我們的研究發現，魚類在多功能使用區有更高的警戒心，魚類警戒心相較於體型大小更容易被檢測。因此，我們建議將魚類警戒心納入評估海洋保護區管理有效性的指標。並建議廣泛在臺灣使用能快速獲得準確、有效數據的潛水員操作的立體攝影機系統。

Taiwan, an island country, is home to communities, cultures, and an economy that rely heavily on the ocean. Ocean ecosystems have undergone substantial changes during the Anthropocene. To protect marine resources in Taiwan, protected areas have been established. One such area is Xiaoliuqiu, which has been designated as a marine protected area with various regulations governing human activity within specific zones. To evaluate how human activity affects fish behavior under different management regimes in Xiaoliuqiu, an underwater survey using a diver-operated stereo video system were conducted at three popular diving sites: Beauty Cave (a no-take zone), Da Fu (a multiple-use zone), and Wild Boar Trench (a multiple-use zone). The length and wariness of four fish species were assessed, which were Ctenochaetus binotatus, Scarus forsteni, Chromis margaritifer, and Centropyge vrolikii. The first two of these species are considered edible, and the second two are considered inedible. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) edible species in multiple-use zones would be smaller and more wary than those in no-take zones, (2) wariness would be positively correlated with length among edible species, and (3) inedible species in no-take zones would be of similar length and as wary as those in multiple-use zones. Our study recorded 294 and 772 fish belonging to the edible and inedible species, respectively. All species significantly differed in the level of wariness in Wild Boar Trench; however, no significant difference in size was observed between sites. Fish in multiple-use zones were more wary than those in no-take zones. Fish wariness is a more sensitive indicator than body size. Wariness is an effective indicator of the effectiveness of management in marine protected areas. We recommend for diver-operated stereo video systems to be widely used in Taiwan.

CONTENTS
THESIS VALIDATION LETTER ii
THESIS AUTHORIZATION LETTER iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
中文摘要 vi
ABSTRACT vii
TABLE CONTENTS x
FIGURE CONTENTS xi
INTRODUCTION 1
MATERIALS AND METHODS 7
Study sites 7
Studied species 11
Underwater surveys 13
Calibration of the diver-operated stereo video system 15
Video analysis 16
Statistical analyses 17
RESULTS 19
Fish size 19
Fish wariness 21
Relationship between fish length and wariness 22
DISCUSSION 25
The effect of depth on wariness 25
Wariness by species 26
Wariness by site 27
Beauty Cave 28
Da Fu 29
Wild Boar Trench 31
The Potential effect to the protogynous species 36
Effect of removing herbivore 37
Stereo video system 38
CONCLUSION 41
REFERENCE 42
TABLES 62
FIGURES 66
APPENDIX 1 79

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