Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0723123-023305 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0723123-023305
論文名稱
Title
探討勞動能力減喪損害賠償之訴在人力資本理論之實踐
Human Capital Theory and Its Role in Assessing Damages for Loss of Earning Capacity: A Judicial Review
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
139
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2023-04-14
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2023-08-23
關鍵字
Keywords
勞動能力、霍夫曼計算式、勞動能力喪失減損比例、損害賠償額之計算、美國醫學會失能評估準則
Earning capacity, Hoffman's formula, Percentage of loss or reduction of earning capacity, Calculation of compensation amount, American Medical Association disability evaluation criteria
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 157 次,被下載 8
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 157 times, has been downloaded 8 times.
中文摘要
我國民法第193條第1項規定:「不法侵害他人之身體或健康者,對於被害人因此喪失或減少勞動能力或增加生活上之需要時,應負損害賠償責任。」其中,勞動能力喪失或減損之法律定性,在學說上有不同看法,目前我國司法實務上採取「勞動能力喪失說」。此一見解,固將「勞動能力」類以一種實際上之「物」或「資產」視之,當其全部喪失或部分減少時,經計算其價值之減少,以確定實際賠償額,而得以貫徹「勞動能力減損」為一財產上損害之概念,惟司法實務上雖確多以計算式(個人實際所得額×原計可工作年數之霍夫曼係數×勞動能力喪失或減損比例)得出賠償金額,但計算式如何產生?個人實際所得額如何審酌?究基於何種因素判定「勞動能力喪失或減損之比例」?尚未有詳細分析及量化實證研究。
本文除將勞動能力損害賠償之計算式加以解析外,另從司法院法學資料檢索網站選取2011年1月1日至2014年12月31日間總計297件民事第一審判決加以探討,目的在透過統計的方法,來組織、呈現、分析與解釋這些判決中的資料及數據所隱含的意義。研究結論發現,實務將上開計算式用在預測被害人因勞動能力喪失或減損導致未來收入變動,實是不得不的作法,但被乘數(即個人實際所得額)因屬訴訟標的法律關係之主張,因第一審法院判決趨採嚴格證明的立場,普遍把被害人「基本工資」當作為現實所得來估算,使得被害人的個人實際所得額過度偏低,不利於其主張勞動能力喪失或減損之賠償額;加上過往多沿襲以「勞工保險失能給付標準」來估算勞動能力減損之比例,更使得採用上開計算式得出之賠償額,無法確切反映被害人因傷喪失或減損勞動能力之實際狀況。因此,盱衡比較目前第一審法院相關損害賠償判決對於此一比例所採取的評估方式,本文建議以美國醫學會失能評估準則作為基礎來得出勞動能力喪失或減損比例,或許是現行回應勞動能力喪失或減損賠償額其應然與實然間脫節時,較佳的處理方式。
Abstract
According to Article 193(1) of the Civil Code in Taiwan, "Anyone who wrongfully damages the body or health of another, causing the injured person to lose or decrease their earning capacity (referred to as 'earning capacity' in foreign laws), or increase their living expenses, shall be held responsible for any resulting injury and provide compensation to the injured person." However, there are different legal theories on how to characterize the loss or reduction of earning capacity, and currently, Taiwan's judicial practice adopts the "devaluation of human capital" view. Under this view, earning capacity is considered a type of property or asset in reality. When it is fully or partially lost, the decrease in its value is calculated to determine the actual compensation amount. This enables the concept of "reduction of earning capacity" to be implemented as a concept of property damage. Nevertheless, although the judicial practice mostly uses a formula (the actual income of the individual multiplied by the Hoffman coefficient of the original calculable working years multiplied by the percentage of the loss or reduction of earning capacity) to determine the compensation amount, how the formula is derived, how the actual income of the individual is evaluated, and what factors are considered in determining the percentage of "loss or reduction of earning capacity" have yet to be fully analyzed and quantitatively studied.
In addition to analyzing the formula for calculating compensation for loss of earning capacity, this study selected a total of 297 civil first-instance judgments from the Legal Information Retrieval System of the Judicial Yuan in Taiwan between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2014, to explore the hidden meanings in the data and statistics presented in these judgments through statistical methods. The purpose was to organize, present, analyze, and interpret the data and statistics in these judgments. The research findings indicate that using the above formula to predict the future income changes resulting from the loss or reduction of earning capacity due to personal injury is an unavoidable practice in practice. However, the multiplier (i.e., the actual income of the individual) is often estimated based on the claim of legal relations of the lawsuit and is usually the "basic wage" of the victim. This results in an excessively low actual income of the victim, which is unfavorable to their claim for compensation for loss of earning capacity. Moreover, the historical practice of using the "Attachment of the Labor Insurance Disability Benefit Payment Standards" to estimate the degree of loss or reduction of earning capacity further undermines the accuracy of the compensation amount calculated using the above formula to reflect the actual situation of the victim's injury-related loss or reduction of earning capacity. Therefore, after weighing and comparing the current evaluation methods used by the first-instance courts regarding this degree (as a percentage from 0% to 100%), this study suggests using the American Medical Association Guidelines (AMA Guides), specifically the California Workers' Compensation, as a basis to determine the percentage of loss or reduction of earning capacity. This may be a better approach to address the discrepancy between the compensation amount for loss or reduction of earning capacity and the actual loss or reduction of earning capacity in practice.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄
論文審定書 i
公開授權書 ii
致謝 iii
中文摘要 v
英文摘要 vi
章節目錄 viii
圖目錄 xii
表目錄 xiii
方程式目錄 xv
章節目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 2
第二節 研究動機 4
第三節 研究目的 5
第四節 研究範圍 7
第五節 研究方法 10
第六節 研究架構與流程 12
第七節 小結 15
第二章 文獻資料回顧 17
第一節 勞動能力損害賠償之相關理論基礎 17
一、初探人力資本理論之緣起及其發展 18
二、人力資本理論之概念及其含義 19
三、著名經濟學者對人力資本理論之研究 19
四、人力資本從同質性假設轉換為異質性分類 22
第二節 勞動能力喪失或減損在我國實務之法律定性 23
一、「所得喪失說」與「勞動能力喪失說」之簡介 23
二、「所得喪失說」與「勞動能力喪失說」之差異 26
第三節 勞動能力損害賠償之計算模式 27
一、一次金錢賠償原則 27
二、在通常情形下可能取得之年勞動收入 30
三、霍夫曼係數 35
四、勞動能力減損部分之比例 42
第四節 我國鑑定評估勞動能力喪失或減損比例之方式 43
一、勞工保險失能給付標準 44
二、美國醫學會永久失能評估指南 47
第五節 小結 50
第三章 質性資料整理與分析 53
第一節 勞動能力喪失或減損賠償與人力資本之關聯性 53
一、勞動能力的特性 54
二、人力資本存量與勞動能力間之共通性 59
第二節 勞動能力喪失或減損的影響因素 60
一、影響被害人收入有關之變數均甚抽象而無從量化 60
二、被害人之餘存工作年限多寡具不可測性 62
三、以法定利率做為單利折現率 62
四、法庭活動中的其他變數 63
五、仰賴具有相對客觀且具可操作性的鑑定 64
第三節 鑑定評估勞動能力喪失或減損比例之爭議 66
第四節 避免混用鑑定方式而誤估勞動能力喪失或減少之比例 68
第五節 小結 69
第四章 統計分析在本研究之應用 71
第一節 從司法院法學資料檢索系統取樣 71
第二節 設定我國民事第一審判決為研究範圍 72
一、從民事第一審判決選取 73
二、隨機並設定選案期間 75
三、選取案件結果 76
第三節 以統計分析為研究之實證方法 79
一、問題意識之核心 79
二、適合問題意識之統計方式 80
第五章 量化資料整理與分析 83
第一節 勞動能力損害賠償案件之基本資料分析 83
一、基本資料敘述 84
二、研析說明 86
第二節 第一審法院所在地對鑑定方式之影響分析 92
第三節 不同鑑定評估勞動能力喪失或減損比例對於判決之影響 95
一、勝算比分析 97
二、差值百分比分析 101
第四節 小結──訴訟經濟與實體正義之衡平 102
第六章 結論與建議 105
第一節 研究回顧 105
第二節 研究貢獻 106
一、質性研究發現 106
二、量化研究發現 107
第三節 研究價值 107
第四節 公共管理意涵──簡省司法資源 109
第五節 研究建議 112
參考文獻 115
附錄 121
勞動部勞工保險局委託辦理勞工保險失能年金給付個別化專業評估作業要點 121

參考文獻 References
一、英文文獻
英文期刊(含DOI)
Carnes, N. (2018). Atomic Individualism: Homogeneity, Individuality, and National Belonging in Postwar US Culture. American Quarterly, 70(1), 63-86. doi: 10.1353/aq.2018.0004
Mincer, J. (1984). Human capital and economic growth. Economics of Education Review, 3(3), 195-205. doi: 10.1016/0272-7757(84)90002-2
Rowley, C. K., & Blaug, M. (1971). An Introduction to the Economics of Education. The Economic Journal, 81(323), 698-700. https://doi.org/10.2307/2229894

英文期刊(不含DOI)
Akinyemi, G. M., Abiddin, N. Z., & Malaysia, P. (2013). Human capital developments an interdisciplinary approach for individual, organization advancement and economic improvement. Asian Social Science, 9(4), 150-157.
Alter, G. C., & Becker, W. E. (1985). Estimating lost future earnings using the new worklife tables. Monthly Lab. Rev., 108, 39.
Baptiste, I. (2001). Educating lone wolves: Pedagogical implications of human capital theory. Adult education quarterly, 51(3), 184-201.
Fleischhauer, K. J. (2007). A review of human capital theory: Microeconomics. University of St. Gallen, Department of Economics Discussion Paper, (2007-01).
Berthoud, R. (2008). Disability employment penalties in Britain. Work, employment and society, 22(1), 129-148.
Bleakley, H. (2010). Health, human capital, and development. Annu. Rev. Econ., 2(1), 283-310.
Boag, H. (1916). Human Capital and the Cost of the War. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 79(1), 7-17.
Chiswick, C. U. (1989). The impact of immigration on the human capital of natives. Journal of Labor Economics, 7(4), 464-486.
Davis, J. (1995). Enhanced Earning Capacity/Human Capital: The Reluctance to Call It Property. Women's Rts. L. Rep, 17, 109.
Flores, D. M., Richardson, J. T., & Merlino, M. L. (2009). Examining the Effects of the Daubert Trilogy on Expert Evidence Practices in Federal Civil Court: An Empirical Analysis. S. Ill. ULJ, 34, 533.
Heyd, D. (2021). Embryonic injuries: can you sue if you wouldn't have been born, or born different?. Chi.-Kent L. Rev., 96, 145.
Hook, P. A. (2021). Litigation Analytics: A Framework For Understanding, Using & Teaching. AALL Spectrum, 26, 20.
Horner, S. M., & Slesnick, F. (1999). The valuation of earning capacity definition, measurement and evidence. Journal of Forensic Economics, 12(1), 13-32.
Han, S., & Mulligan, C. B. (2001). Human capital, heterogeneity and estimated degrees of intergenerational mobility. The Economic Journal, 111(470), 207-243.
Kiker, B. F. (1966). The historical roots of the concept of human capital. Journal of political economy, 74(5), 481-499.
Klein, G., Shneiderman, B., Hoffman, R. R., & Ford, K. M. (2017). Why expertise matters: A response to the challenges. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 32(6), 67-73.
Lederman, L., & Hrung, W. B. (2006). Do Attorneys Do Their Clients Justice-An Empirical Study of Lawyers' Effects on Tax Court Litigation Outcomes. Wake Forest L. Rev., 41, 1235.
Lepak, D. P., & Snell, S. A. (1999). The human resource architecture: Toward a theory of human capital allocation and development. Academy of management review, 24(1), 31-48.
Lewis, R., McNabb, R., Robinson, H., & Wass, V. (2002). Court awards of damages for loss of future earnings: an empirical study and an alternative method of calculation. Journal of Law and Society, 29(3), 406-435.
Milost, F. (2014). Net value added monetary model for evaluating human capital. European scientific journal, 10(1).
Nafukho, F. M., Hairston, N., & Brooks, K. (2004). Human capital theory: Implications for human resource development. Human Resource Development International, 7(4), 545-551.
Nelson, D. M. (1983). The use of worklife tables in estimates of lost earning capacity. Monthly Lab. Rev., 106, 30.
Perales, F. (2013). Occupational sex-segregation, specialized human capital and wages: evidence from Britain. Work, employment and society, 27(4), 600-620.
Rondinelli, R. D. (2009). Changes for the new AMA Guides to impairment ratings: implications and applications for physician disability evaluations. PM&R, 1(7), 643-656.
Sanders, C., & Taber, C. (2012). Life-cycle wage growth and heterogeneous human capital. Annu. Rev. Econ., 4(1), 399-425.
Schroots, J. J., & Birren, J. E. (1988). The nature of time: implications for research on aging. Comprehensive Gerontology. Section C, Interdisciplinary topics, 2(1), 1-29.
Subrin, S. H. (2017). Twenty-First Century Procedure: Theoretical and Practical Problems in Modern American Civil Procedure. Journal of Civil Law Studies, 10(1), 1-18.
Sweetland, S. R. (1996). Human capital theory: Foundations of a field of inquiry. Review of Educational Research, 66, 341-359.
Thomson, H. F. (1987). Petty: the origins of political economy. History of Political Economy, 19(3), 513-515.
Viscusi, W. K., & Aldy, J. E. (2003). The value of a statistical life: a critical review of market estimates throughout the world. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 27(1), 5-76.
Winnubst, S. (2012). The queer thing about neoliberal pleasure: A Foucauldian warning. Foucault Studies, 79-97.

英文書籍
Becker, G. S. (1975). Investment in human capital: effects on earnings. In Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, Second Edition (pp. 13-44). NBER.
Ben-Porath, Y. (1970). The production of human capital over time. In Education, income, and human capital (pp. 129-154). NBER.
Falk, S. L. (1966). Human Resources for National Strength (Vol. 5). Industrial College of the Armed Forces.
Kostera, M., & Pirson, M. (Eds.). (2017). Dignity and the Organization. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, Experience, and Earnings. Human Behavior & Social Institutions No. 2.
Petty, W. (1690). Political Arithmetic. London: Printed by J. Darby for A. and J. Churchill.
Rosen, S. (1989). Human capital. In Social economics (pp. 136-155). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

技術及研究報告
Goodwin, N. R. (2003). Five kinds of capital: Useful concepts for sustainable development (No. 1434-2016-118878)

法院判決
Coleman v. Dydula, 139 F. Supp. 2d 388 (W.D.N.Y. 2001).
Hobgood v. Aucoin, 574 So. 2d 344 (La. 1990).
Walker v. Bankston, 571 So. 2d 690 (La. Ct. App. 1990).

二、日文文獻
山本啓介(2020)。障害者の逸失利益についての考察。高田短期大学介護・福祉研究,(6)。13-26

三、中文文獻
中文期刊
尤重道(2019)。交通事故侵害身體健康損害賠償範圍之探討(上)。全國律師,23(12),83-95。
王欽彥(2017)。生命侵害之損害賠償:日本法之借鑑。靜宜法學,6,243-293。
王澤鑑(2006)。財產上損害賠償(一)—人身損害。月旦法學雜誌,129,161-178。
張永健&李宗憲(2015)。身體健康侵害慰撫金之實證研究:2008 年至 2012 年地方法院醫療糾紛與車禍案件。國立臺灣大學法學論叢,44(4),1785-1843。
張永健、何漢葳、李宗憲(2017)。或重於泰山、或輕於鴻毛-地方法院車禍致死案件慰撫金之實證研究。政大法學評論,第149期,139-219頁。
莊承諠、陳鋕雄(2015)。醫療訴訟慰撫金數額之可預測性──醫療專庭(股)判決分析。月旦法學雜誌,第238期,147-164頁。
陳明楷(2017)。勞動能力減喪損害賠償作為剩餘財產分配。月旦民商法雜誌,58,112-130。
陳洸岳(2010)。生命權受侵害時之賠償範圍與計算基準──以一則中國大陸判決之剖析為焦點。月旦民商法雜誌,30,159-169。
陳洸岳(2019)。未成年人減少勞動能力之損害的評價。月旦法學教室,198,17-19。
陳聰富(2005)。勞動能力喪失與慰撫金的調整補充機能-最高法院九十三年度台上字第一四八九號民事裁判評釋。月旦法學雜誌,122,218-225。
陳聰富(2006)。人身侵害之損害概念。國立臺灣大學法學論叢,35(1),47-110。
葉新民(2017)。侵害生命法益的民事損害賠償責任-以德國法為中心。靜宜法學,6,171-210。
劉春堂(2014)。勞動能力減少或喪失之損害賠償責任。台灣法學雜誌,254,137-148。
鄧學仁(1996)。交通事故損害賠償之定型化與個別性之研究。法學叢刊,41(2),60-74。
蘇凱平(2016)。再訪法實證研究概念與價值:以簡單量化方法研究我國減刑政策為例。臺大法學論叢,45(3)。979-1043。

中文書籍
王澤鑑(2017),《損害賠償法》,台北:自版。
杜宗禮、林洺秀(2016)。《勞工保險失能年金本土化給付參數評估及資料庫建置》。台北:勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所。
陳洸岳(2009)。減少或喪失勞動能力之損害賠償的省思。收錄於潘維大、鄭冠宇主編,《中國法制比較研究論文集》,2008年(第六屆)海峽兩岸民法典暨呂光院長百歲冥誕紀念學術研討會。
曾隆興(1992),《現代損害賠償法論》,台北:自版。
曾隆興(2008)。《詳解損害賠償法》(修訂二版),台北:三民。
詹森林(2017)。損害之概念──最高法院所謂「實際損害」之研究。《民事法的學思歷程與革新取徑:吳啟賓前院長八秩華誕祝壽論文集》,台北:新學林。

技術及研究報告
陳洸岳(2005年)。關於賠償減損勞動能力之損害的研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code