海運產業為臺灣重要產業之一，總運能排名全球第十二名，過去該產業長期面臨船員供不應求、人才缺乏等問題，因此船員對航運公司之組織承諾顯得格外重要。本研究以信號理論的觀點，探討組織職涯管理實務與組織支持發展間的關係，並以生涯建構理論的觀點，探討組織支持發展與職涯適應力在組織職涯管理實務與組織承諾間的序列中介效果，並進一步探討職涯適應力各向度（關注、控制、好奇、自信）與不同類型組織承諾（情感性承諾、持續性承諾、規範性承諾）之關係。本研究採立意抽樣之方式，收集現職船員之樣本，以網路問卷調查法，採兩個時間點收集資料，共獲得125份有效配對樣本。路徑分析結果顯示：（1）組織職涯管理實務與組織支持發展有正向關係；（2）組織職涯管理實務與「持續性承諾」之關係會受到組織支持發展與「控制」的序列中介效果；（3）組織職涯管理實務與「規範性承諾」之關係會受到組織支持發展與「關注」的序列中介效果；（4）組織職涯管理實務與「規範性承諾」之關係會受到組織支持發展與「控制」的序列中介效果。

The maritime industry is one of important industries in Taiwan, ranking twelfth globally in terms of total capacity. However, it has long faced challenges such as shortage of seafarers and talent. Seafarers' organizational commitment towards shipping companies is particularly important. Based on signaling theory and career construction theory, this study examines the relationship between organizational career management and organizational support for development, and the serial mediation model linking organizational career management, organizational support for development, career adaptability and organizational commitment. The study also explores the relationships between the dimensions of career adaptability (concern, control, curiosity, and confidence) and different types of organizational commitment (affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment). The study utilized purposive sampling to collect data through online survey and time-lagged field study, obtaining a total of 125 current seafarers’ samples. The results of the path analysis show that (1) Organizational career management is positively affect organizational support for development. (2) The relationship between organizational career management and continuance commitment is serially mediated by organizational support for development and control. (3) The relationship between organizational career management and normative commitment is serially mediated by organizational support for development and concern. (4) The relationship between organizational career management and normative commitment is serially mediated by organizational support for development and control.

論文審定書i
中文摘要ii
ABSTRACTiii
目錄iv
圖次vi
表次vii
第一章 緒論1
第二章 文獻探討5
第一節產業背景5
第二節船員相關研究現況7
第三節生涯建構理論8
第四節組織職涯管理（OCM）與組織發展支持（OSD）8
第五節組織發展支持（OSD）與職涯適應力10
第六節職涯適應力與組織承諾12
第七節OSD和職涯適應力在OCM與組織承諾間的序列中介角色15
第三章 研究方法17
第一節研究對象與研究程序17
第二節樣本組成18
第三節研究工具20
第四節資料分析方法29
第四章 研究結果30
第一節驗證性因素分析30
第二節相關分析31
第三節假設檢定33
第四節補充分析40
第五章 研究結論與建議44
第一節研究主要發現與討論44
第二節管理實務意涵47
第三節研究限制49
第四節未來研究建議50
參考文獻53
附錄68

宋振國（2020）。我國海事院校航輪學生的生涯堅持影響因素之研究〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立臺灣海洋大學輪機工程學系。
李筱婷、郭俊良、吳珮琪、朱財義（2012）。探究臺灣船員與外籍船員工作態度對離職傾向之影響。航運季刊，21(3)，71-96。
林育柔、陳銓、劉治忠、郭俊良（2015）。走向壯闊的藍海-探究高職海勤類科學生生涯進路意願。海運學報，24，15-40。
長榮海運股份有限公司（2021）。2021長榮海運永續報告書。https://csr.evergreen-marine.com/csr/tw/pdf/csr-policy-report/Evergreen_CSR_2021.pdf?v=163805
陸王均、陳得邨（2016）。臺灣船員之國際化發展。航貿週刊，(201610)，58-65。
郭俊良、徐維均、曾維國、吳柏慧（2015）。探究學士後海勤學生之航海生涯堅持。航運季刊，24(3)，1-20。
郭俊良、余坤東、梁金樹（2006）。航商之船員僱傭聲望對本國籍高級航海人員工作相關態度之影響。航運季刊，15(2)，57-77。
郭俊良、張進興（2012a）。商船船員之工作家庭衝突與離職傾向之關聯性分析:探討人力資源管理措施的調節角色。航運季刊，21(4)，69-92。
郭俊良、朱財義、李筱婷、吳珮琪（2012b）以社會認知生涯理論探究男女航海科系學生專業承諾之差異。航運季刊，21(4)，21-45。
彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽（2006）。管理研究中的共同方法變異:問題 本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報，23，77-98。
陽明海運股份有限公司（2021）。2021企業社會責任報告。https://esg.yangming.com/esg/information-download/0/205/
萬海航運股份有限公司（2021）。2021萬海航運股份有限公司永續報告書。https://tw.wanhai.com/FileView;jsessionid=5ED4831D51617CCC9CA723E613306C98?file_num=67076&file_name=202789.pdf&file_path=tw_files&in_line=in_line
謝依儒、郭俊良、曾維國、徐維均（2014）。以社會認知生涯理論探究臺灣海峽兩岸-航海系學生上船工作意願之影響差異。航運季刊，23(4)，99-121。
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.
Allen, N.J., ＆ Meyer, J.P. (1991) A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Alphaliner. (2023, June 7). Alphaliner TOP 100. Alphaliner. https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/
Bagdadli, S., & Gianecchini, M. (2019). Organizational career management practices and objective career success: A systematic review and framework. Human Resource Management Review, 29(3), 353-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.08.001
Bambacas, M., & Bordia, P. (2009). Predicting different commitment components: The relative effects of how career development HRM practices are perceived. Journal of Management & Organization, 15(02), 224-240. doi:10.1017/s1833367200002807
Bao, J., Li, Y., Zheng, G., & Zhang, P. (2021). Exploring into contributing factors to young seafarer turnover: empirical evidence from China. Journal of Navigation, 74(4), 914-930. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463321000230
Baruch, Y., & Peiperl, M. (2000). Career management practices: An empirical survey and implications. Human Resource Management, 39(4), 347-366. doi:10.1002/1099-050x(200024)39:4<347::aid-hrm6>3.0.co;2-c
Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202
BIMCO & International Chamber of Shipping [ ICS ] (2021). Seafarer Workforce Report. https://www.ics-shipping.org/press-release/new-bimco-ics-seafarer-workforce-report-warns-of-serious-potential-officer-shortage/
Bimrose, J., & Hearne, L. (2012). Resilience and career adaptability: Qualitative studies of adult career counseling. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(3), 338–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.08.002.
Blau, G. J. (1985). The measurement and prediction of career commitment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 58(4), 277–288.
Chan, S. H. J., & Mai, X. (2015). The relation of career adaptability to satisfaction and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 130-139.
Chan, S. H. J., Mai, X., Kuok, O. M. K., & Kong, S. H. (2016). The influence of satisfaction and promotability on the relation between career adaptability and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 92, 167–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.12.003.
Chang, E. (1999). Career commitment as a complex moderator of organizational commitment and turnover intention. Human Relations, 52(10), 1257–1278.
Cheng, Y., & Stockdale, M. S. (2003). The validity of the three-component model of organizational commitment in a Chinese context. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(3), 465-489. doi:10.1016/s0001-8791(02)00063-5
Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150876
Coetzee, M., & Harry, N. (2014). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of employees' career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.09.001.
Coetzee, M., & Stoltz, E. (2015). Employees' satisfaction with retention factors: Exploring the role of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.04.012
Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signaling theory: A review and assessment. Journal of Management, 37(1), 39–67. doi:10.1177/ 0149206310388419
Dries, N., Van Esbroeck, R., van Vianen, A. E. M., De Cooman, R., & Pepermans, R. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale-Belgium form: Psychometric characteristics and construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 674–679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.012.
Duffy, R. D. (2010). Sense of control and career adaptability among undergraduate students. Journal of Career Assessment, 18(4), 420-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072710374587
Fiori, M., Bollmann, G., & Rossier, J. (2015). Exploring the path through which career adaptability increases job satisfaction and lowers job stress: The role of affect. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91, 113–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.08.010.
Forsyth, C. G., & Bankston, W. B. (1984) The social psychological consequence of a life at sea: A causal model. Maritime Policy & Management, 11(2), 123-134, DOI: 10.1080/03088838400000005
Futurenautics. (2018). Crew Connectivity 2018 Survey Report. Futurenautics. http://www.navarino.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Crew_Connectivity_2018_Survey_Report.pdf
Global Maritime Forum. (2022).Global Maritime Issues Monitor 2022. Global Maritime Forum Foundation. https://www.maritimeissues.org
Gong, Z. X., Xu, Z. Y., Van Swol, L., Zhang, T. T., & Xu, J. F. (2020). Proactive feedback seeking has a positive effect on career adaptability. Social Behavior and Personality, 48(1), Article e8441. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8441
Guan, Y. J., Zhou, W. X., Ye, L. H., Jiang, P., & Zhou, Y. X. (2015). Perceived organizational career management and career adaptability as predictors of success and turnover intention among Chinese employees. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 230-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.04.002
Guan, Y., Guo, Y., Bond, M. H., Cai, Z., Zhou, X., Xu, J., ... Ye, L. (2014). New job market entrants' future work self, career adaptability and job search outcomes: Examining mediating and moderating models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(1), 136–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.05.003.
Hall, D. T. (2004). The protean career: A quarter-century journey. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.006
Hall, D. T., & Moss, J. E. (1999). The new protean career contract: Helping organizations and employees adapt. Organizational Dynamics, 26(3), 22–37. doi:10.1016/S0090-2616(98)90012-2
Hirschi, A., Herrmann, A., & Keller, A. C. (2015). Career adaptivity, adaptability, and adapting: A conceptual and empirical investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.11.008
Hsu, K. Y. (1997). Research of human resource of our merchant ship and crew policy. Ship and Shipping, 735, 1–8.
International Union of Marine Insurance [ IUMI ] (2021). IUMI’s 2021 analysis of the global marine insurance market. IUMI. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjuzIqe6r7_AhUZBogKHTVTAZIQFnoECBMQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fiumi.com%2Fdocument%2Fview%2FIUMI_Stats_Report_2021__61937342bdb2b.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2ufv9QcSGpw9H8RtpIVtky
Ito, J. K., & Brotheridge, C. M. (2005). Does supporting employees' career adaptability lead to commitment, turnover, or both? Human Resource Management, 44(1), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20037
Johnston, C. S. (2018). A systematic review of the career adaptability literature and future outlook. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(1), 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072716679921
Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Wanberg, C. R. (2003). Unwrapping the organizational entry process: Disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment . Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 779-794. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.779
Kim, P. B., Kim, S., Kim, S. S., & Kim, J. (2017). Organizational drivers and outcomes of casino employees' work adaptability. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 26(3), 276-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2016.1194798
Koen, J., Klehe, U.-C., & Van Vianen, A. E.M. (2012). Training career adaptability to facilitate a successful school-to-work transition. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(3), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.10.003
Kong, H. Y., Cheung, C., & Song, H. Y. (2011). Hotel career management in China Developing a measurement scale. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(1), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.07.003
Kraimer, M. L., Seibert, S. E., Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., & Bravo, J. (2011). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational support for development: The critical role of career opportunities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 485-500. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021452
Kundi, Y. M., Hollet-Haudebert, S., & Peterson, J. (2022). Career adaptability, job crafting and subjective career success: The moderating roles of lone wolf personality and positive perfectionism. Personnel Review, 51(3), 945-965. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-04-2020-0260
Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Wells, J. B., & Hogan, N. L. (2016). Social support's relationship to correctional staff job stress, job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Social Science Journal, 53(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2015.10.001
Lee, C. H., & Bruvold, N. T. (2003). Creating value for employees: Investment in employee development. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(6), 981–1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000106173
Lee, K., Allen, N. J., Meyer, J. P., & Rhee, K. Y. (2001). The three-component model of organizational commitment: An application to South Korea. Applied Psychology, 50(4), 596–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00075.
Liu, C., & Yu, K. (2019). Career adaptability and citizenship outcomes: A moderated mediation model. Career Development International, 24(7), 658-671. https://doi.org/10.1108/cdi-12-2018-0312
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 538-551
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
Minter, A. (2020). The next shipping crisis: A maritime labor shortage. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-11-06/the-next-shipping-crisis-a-maritime-labor-shortage#xj4y7vzkg
Mowday, R., Porter, L. & Steers, R. (1982). Employee - organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic Press, New York.
Negru-Subtirica, O., Pop, E. I., & Crocetti, E. (2015). Developmental trajectories and reciprocal associations between career adaptability and vocational identity: A three-wave longitudinal study with adolescents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 131–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.004.
Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985772
Nishii, L. H., Lepak, D. P., & Schneider, B. (2008). Employee attributions of the "why" of HR practices: Their effects on employee attitudes and behaviors, and customer satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 61(3), 503–545. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.00121.x
Ocampo, A. C. G., Restubog, S. L. D., Liwag, M. E., Wang, L., & Petelczyc, C. (2018). My spouse is my strength: Interactive effects of perceived organizational and spousal support in predicting career adaptability and career outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.08.001
Obando-Rojas, B., Gardner, B., ＆ Naim, M. (1999). A system dynamic analysis of officer manpower in the merchant marine. Maritime Policy and Management, 26(1), 39-60.
Pan, Y.H., Lin, C.C., & Yang, C.S. (2011). The effects of perceived organizational support, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on job performance in bulk shipping. Maritime Quarterly, 20(4), 83-110.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609.
Reilly, N. P., & Orsak, C. L. (1991). A career stage analysis of career and organizational commitment in nursing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 39, 311–330.
Rudolph, C. W., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017a). Career adaptability: A meta-analysis of relationships with measures of adaptivity, adapting responses, and adaptation results. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 98, 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.09.002
Rudolph, C. W., Lavigne, K. N., Katz, I. M., & Zacher, H. (2017b). Linking dimensions of career adaptability to adaptation results: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 151-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.06.003
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.68.
Safavi, H. P., & Karatepe, O. M. (2018). High-performance work practices and hotel employee outcomes: The mediating role of career adaptability. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(2), 1112-1133. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2016-0367
Sampson, H., & Thomas, M. (2003). Risk and responsibility. Qualitative Research, 3(2), 165-189. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941030032002
Savickas, M. L. (2002). Career construction: A developmental theory of vocational behavior. In D. Brown (Ed.). Career choice and development (pp. 149-205). (4th ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown, & R. W. Lent (Eds.). Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42-70). Hokoben, NJ: Wiley.
Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. In R. W. Lent, & S. D. Brown (Eds.). Career development and counselling: Putting theory and research into work (pp. 147-183). (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011
Shaver, K. H., & Lacey, L. M. (2003). Job and career satisfaction among staff nurses: Effects of job setting and environment. Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(3), 166–172.
Smith, F.J. (2003). Organizational Surveys: The diagnosis and betterment of organizations through their members (1st ed.). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607270
Soares, M. E., & Mosquera, P. (2021). Linking career management practices with individual outcomes: The mediating role of perceived employability. Journal of Business Research, 124, 547-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.049
Spence, M. (2002). Signaling in retrospect and the informational structure of markets. American Economic Review, 92(3), 434-459. doi:10.1257/00028280260136200
Stride C.B., Gardner S., Catley. N. & Thomas, F.(2015). Mplus code for mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation models. http://www.offbeat.group.shef.ac.uk/FIO/mplusmedmod.htm
Sturges, J., Guest, D., Conway, N., & Mackenzie Davey, K. (2002). A longitudinal study of the relationship between career management and organizational commitment among graduates in the first ten years at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 731-748.
Suazo, M. M., Martínez, P. G., & Sandoval, R. (2009). Creating psychological and legal contracts through human resource practices: A signaling theory perspective. Human Resource Management Review, 19(2), 154–166. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.11.002
Sulpice, G. (2011). Study on EU seafarers employment: Final report. NY: European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport, Directorate C-Maritime Transport.
Super, D. E., & Knasel, E. G. (1981). Career development in adulthood: Some theoretical problems and a possible solution. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 9(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069888100760211
Thai, V. V., & Latta, T. (2010). Employment brand strategy for the shortage of seafarers. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 2(4), 411-428. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijstl.2010.035502
The International Labour Organization [ ILO ].(2020, June 08). ILO: Release more than 150,000 seafarers trapped on board ships due to COVID-19. ILO. https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_747293/lang--en/index.htm
Thomas, M., Sampson, H., & Zhao, M. (2003). Finding a balance: Companies, seafarers and family life. Maritime Policy & Management, 30(1), 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/0308883032000051630
Tian, Y., & Fan, X. (2014). Adversity quotients, environmental variables and career adaptability in student nurses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 251-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.07.006
Tien, H.-L. S., Wang, Y.-C., Chu, H.-C., & Huang, T.-L. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Taiwan Form: Psychometric properties and construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 744-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.010
Tolentino, L. R., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Lu, V. N., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Plewa, C. (2014). Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.11.004
Tsui, A. S., Pearce, J. L., Porter, L. W., & Tripoli, A. M. (1997). Alternative approaches to the employee-organization relationship: Does investment in employees pay off? Academy of Management journal, 40(5), 1089-1121.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [ UNCTAD ]. (2021). Review of Maritime Transport 2021. UNCTAD. https://unctad.org/publication/review-maritime-transport-2022
Verbruggen, M., Sels, L., & Forrier, A. (2007). Unraveling the relationship between organizational career management and the need for external career counseling. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71(1), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.03.003
Wang, Y., Kim, S., Rafferty, A., & Sanders, K. (2019). Employee perceptions of HR practices: A critical review and future directions. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1674360
Zacher, H. (2014a). Career adaptability predicts subjective career success above and beyond personality traits and core self-evaluations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.10.002
Zacher, H. (2014b). Individual difference predictors of change in career adaptability over time. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(2), 188–198. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.jvb.2014.01.001
Zacher, H. (2015). Daily manifestations of career adaptability: Relationships with job and career outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91, 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.09.003
Zacher, H., Ambiel, R. A. M., & Noronha, A. P. P. (2015). Career adaptability and career entrenchment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 164-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.006
Zhao, Q., Cai, Z., Zhou, W., & Zang, L. (2022). Organizational career management: A review and future prospect. Career Development International, 27(3), 343-371. https://doi.org/10.1108/cdi-04-2021-0088
Zhu, F., Cai, Z., Buchtel, E. E., & Guan, Y. (2019). Career construction in social exchange: A dual-path model linking career adaptability to turnover intention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 282-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.04.003